Protocol: HTTP, HTTPS

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HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure) are protocols used for transmitting data over the Internet. They operate primarily over TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and use specific ports to establish connections and exchange data between clients (such as web browsers) and servers (web servers).

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):

  1. Default Port: HTTP typically operates over port 80.

  2. Example:

    • When you type a URL like http://example.com into your web browser and press Enter:
      • The browser sends an HTTP request to the server example.com on port 80.
      • The server receives the request, processes it, and sends back an HTTP response, typically containing HTML content, images, or other resources requested.
      • The connection is established and data is transmitted in plaintext (unencrypted).

HTTPS (HTTP Secure):

  1. Default Port: HTTPS typically operates over port 443.

  2. Example:

    • When you type a URL like https://example.com into your web browser and press Enter:
      • The browser sends an HTTPS request to the server example.com on port 443.
      • Before any data is exchanged, an SSL/TLS handshake occurs between the client and server to establish a secure encrypted connection.
      • Once the secure connection is established, the browser sends an encrypted HTTP request.
      • The server decrypts the request, processes it, and sends back an encrypted HTTPS response.
      • The data transmitted over HTTPS is encrypted, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of the communication.

  • Note: SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communication over a computer network. They are used to secure data transmission over the internet and ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity between clients (such as web browsers) and servers (web servers, mail servers, etc.).
  • SSL is used to secure HTTP connections (HTTPS) and other internet protocols.
  • TLS is widely used for securing internet communications, including HTTPS, FTPS, SMTPS, and other protocols.

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